{"id":2447,"date":"2012-11-07T11:25:01","date_gmt":"2012-11-07T09:25:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/hartaromaniei.eu\/obiectiveturistice\/?p=2447"},"modified":"2012-11-07T11:26:26","modified_gmt":"2012-11-07T09:26:26","slug":"cetatea-histria-constanta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pe-harta.ro\/obiectiveturistice\/cetatea-histria-constanta","title":{"rendered":"Cetatea Histria &#8211; Constanta"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pe-harta.ro\/obiectiveturistice\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/Ruinele-Cetatii-Histria.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-2448\" style=\"margin: 3px 5px;\" title=\"Ruinele Cetatii Histria\" src=\"https:\/\/pe-harta.ro\/obiectiveturistice\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/Ruinele-Cetatii-Histria-276x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"276\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pe-harta.ro\/obiectiveturistice\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/Ruinele-Cetatii-Histria-276x300.jpg 276w, https:\/\/pe-harta.ro\/obiectiveturistice\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/Ruinele-Cetatii-Histria-161x175.jpg 161w, https:\/\/pe-harta.ro\/obiectiveturistice\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/Ruinele-Cetatii-Histria.jpg 552w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 276px) 100vw, 276px\" \/><\/a>Histria<\/strong>, cetatea greceasc\u0103, a fost cel mai vechi ora\u0219 atestat de pe actualul teritoriu al <a title=\"Romania\" href=\"https:\/\/pe-harta.ro\">Rom\u00e2niei<\/a>. \u00cen prezent, ruinele sale se afl\u0103 pe teritoriul administrativ al <strong><a title=\"comuna Istria\" href=\"https:\/\/istria-ct.pe-harta.ro\">comunei Istria<\/a>, \u00een <a title=\"judetul Constanta\" href=\"https:\/\/pe-harta.ro\/constanta\/\">jude\u021bul Constan\u021ba<\/a>, <a title=\"Dobrogea\" href=\"https:\/\/pe-harta.ro\/obiectiveturistice\/?s=Dobrogea\">Dobrogea<\/a>, <a title=\"Romania\" href=\"https:\/\/pe-harta.ro\">Romania<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Histria<\/strong> fost \u00eentemeiat\u0103 de coloni\u0219ti greci din Milet \u00een jurul anului 657 \u00ee.C. (dup\u0103 istoricul Eusebiu din Cezareea) sau 630 \u00ee.C. (dup\u0103 Skymnos), ca port la Marea Neagr\u0103 \u0219i distrus\u0103 prin secolul al VII-lea d.C. de invaziile avaro-slave.<\/p>\n<p>Pe plan politic,<strong> Histria<\/strong> a jucat un rol important prin participarea la revolta ora\u0219elor pontice \u00eempotriva regelui macedonean Lisimah, la r\u0103zboiul \u00eempotriva Bizan\u021bului \u0219i la conflictul care l-a opus pe Mithridates al VI-lea Eupator romanilor.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen jurul anului 260 i.d.Hr., Histria s-a aliat cu cetatea Callatis pentru a smulge ora\u0219ului Byzantion controlul asupra portului Tomis.<\/p>\n<p>Ora\u0219ul <strong>Histria<\/strong> a avut o dezvoltare ne\u00eentrerupt\u0103 timp de aproape 1300 ani, \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu perioada greac\u0103 \u0219i termin\u00e2nd \u00een perioada bizantin\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen <strong>Histria<\/strong> au fost b\u0103tute primele monede de pe actualul teritoriu al <a title=\"Romania\" href=\"https:\/\/pe-harta.ro\">Rom\u00e2niei<\/a>. Este vorba despre monede de argint turnate care au pe avers simbolul ora\u0219ului, repezentat de un vultur pe un delfin spre st\u00e2nga, \u0219i legenda I\u03a3TPI \u00eencadrate \u00eentr-un p\u0103trat incus iar pe revers dou\u0103 capete umane al\u0103turate \u0219i inversate.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Cetatea Histria<\/strong> a fost identificat\u0103, \u00een 1868, de c\u0103tre arheologul francez Ernest Desjardins, iar cercet\u0103rile arheologice propriu-zise au fost ini\u021biate \u00een 1914 de c\u0103tre Vasile P\u00e2rvan.<\/p>\n<table border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Numele <strong>cet\u0103\u021bii Histria<\/strong>, e dat de denumirea fluviului <em>Istros<\/em>, cum era denumit\u0103 Dun\u0103rea de c\u0103tre greci. A\u0219ezarea era \u00eenconjurat\u0103 de un puternic zid de ap\u0103rare, era alimentat\u0103 cu ap\u0103 prin conducte lungi de peste 20 de kilometri, care alimentau \u0219i termele construite \u00een epoca roman\u0103, str\u0103zile erau pavate cu piatr\u0103, \u0219i poseda at\u00e2t institu\u021bii de educa\u021bie fizic\u0103 c\u00e2t \u0219i cultural-artistice.<\/p>\n<p>Necropola, situat\u0103 \u00een afara ora\u0219ului antic, cuprinde numero\u0219i tumuli funerari \u0219i un num\u0103r mic de morminte plane. Cel mai des utilizat rit funerar \u00een perioada construc\u021biei tumulilor a fost incinera\u021bia.<\/td>\n<td><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\n\t<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\n\t\tstyle=\"display:inline-block;width:300px;height:250px\"\n\t\tdata-ad-client=\"ca-pub-2688604244699399\"\n\t\tdata-ad-slot=\"1470897263\"><\/ins>\n\t<script>\n\t(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\n\t<\/script><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Tumulii din necropola de la <strong>Histria<\/strong> au \u00een infrastructura lor un \u0219an\u021b periferic, o platform\u0103 funerar\u0103 \u0219i o centur\u0103 din pietre de tipul \u0219isturilor verzi aflorate la limita estic\u0103 a cet\u0103\u021bii. Unii tumuli au patru-cinci metri \u00een\u0103l\u021bime, al\u021bii sunt mai mici. \u00cen centrul movilei sunt morminte unde, l\u00e2ng\u0103 mort, sunt depuse vase, \u00een special amfore.<\/p>\n<p>Ruinele cet\u0103\u021bii, aflate pe malul lacului Sinoe, pot fi vizitate \u0219i ast\u0103zi. La vremea construirii cet\u0103\u021bii, actualul lac Sinoe era un golf deschis la mare.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen prezent, se pot vizita: zidul de ap\u0103rare, cu turnuri \u0219i bastioane, care \u00eenchidea de la vest c\u0103tre lacul Sinoe suprafa\u021ba mai mic\u0103 a ora\u0219ului roman t\u00e2rziu de circa 7 ha. Acolo pot fi v\u0103zute ruinele conservate ale templelor grece\u0219ti din zona sacr\u0103, str\u0103zi pavate \u0219i cartiere de locuin\u021be sau ateliere, mai ales romane, terme, bazilici civile \u0219i cre\u0219tine \u0219i, \u00een centrul ora\u0219ului, una dintre cele mai mari bazilici cre\u0219tine din regiune, dat\u00e2nd din secolul VI d.C.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bazilica episcopal\u0103 de la Histria<\/strong>, un edificiu de peste 60 de metri lungime \u0219i 30 de metri l\u0103\u021bime, care ocupa aproape 2% din suprafa\u021ba cet\u0103\u021bii t\u00e2rzii, a fost scoas\u0103 la lumin\u0103 \u00een anul 1969, de arheologul Alexandru Suceveanu. Bazilica episcopal\u0103 construit\u0103 \u00een centrul ora\u0219ului vechi reprezint\u0103 cea mai important\u0103 descoperire de la Histria, \u00eentruc\u00e2t acest lucru \u00eensemna faptul c\u0103, \u00een secolele V &#8211; VI, Histria a ajuns la rangul de episcopie.<\/p>\n<p>La \u00eenceputul anilor &#8217;20 a fost construit primul <strong>muzeu arheologic de la Histria<\/strong>, fiind proiectat de arhitectul G. Simotta, \u00een vremea directoratului lui Vasile P\u00e2rvan. Din cauza terenului slab, prost ales, \u00een anul 1923 cl\u0103direa s-a d\u0103r\u00e2mat, fiind ulterior demolat\u0103 definitiv din ordinul directorului Muzeului Na\u021bional de Antichit\u0103\u021bi, Vasile P\u00e2rvan.<\/p>\n<p>Actualul muzeu a fost \u00eenfiin\u021bat \u00een 1982, \u00een subordinea Muzeului de Istorie National\u0103 \u0219i Arheologie din <a title=\"Constanta\" href=\"https:\/\/constanta-ct.pe-harta.ro\">Constan\u021ba<\/a>, \u00eentr-o cladire nou\u0103. \u00cen <strong><em>Muzeul Arheologic<\/em> Histria<\/strong> sunt expuse piese de arheologie greac\u0103, roman\u0103 \u0219i bizantin\u0103, provenind din cercet\u0103rile de la Histria \u0219i din \u00eemprejurimi: amfore, inscrip\u021bii, vase ceramice, sticl\u0103, opai\u021be, podoabe, basoreliefuri elenistice, documente epigrafice.<\/p>\n[MultipleMarkerMap\u00a0id=CetateaHistria-Constanta&#8217;\u00a0z=&#8217;16&#8217;\u00a0lat=&#8217;44.570439&#8242;\u00a0lon=&#8217; 28.71224&#8242;\u00a0marker=&#8217;44.570439, 28.71224,<strong>Cetatea Histria &#8211; Constanta<\/strong>,https:\/\/pe-harta.ro\/images\/icons\/star-3.png&#8217;\u00a0w=&#8217;630&#8242; h=&#8217;400&#8242;]\n\n<div class='gallery'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/pe-harta.ro\/obiectiveturistice\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/Cetatea-Histria.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/pe-harta.ro\/obiectiveturistice\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/Cetatea-Histria-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/pe-harta.ro\/obiectiveturistice\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/Cetatea-Histria-Constanta.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/pe-harta.ro\/obiectiveturistice\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/Cetatea-Histria-Constanta-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/pe-harta.ro\/obiectiveturistice\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/Ruinele-cet\u0103\u0163ii-Histria.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/pe-harta.ro\/obiectiveturistice\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/Ruinele-cet\u0103\u0163ii-Histria-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/pe-harta.ro\/obiectiveturistice\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/Primele-monede-b\u0103tute-pe-teritoriul-Rom\u00e2niei-la-Histria.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/pe-harta.ro\/obiectiveturistice\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/Primele-monede-b\u0103tute-pe-teritoriul-Rom\u00e2niei-la-Histria-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/pe-harta.ro\/obiectiveturistice\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/Ruinele-Cetatii-Histria.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/pe-harta.ro\/obiectiveturistice\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/Ruinele-Cetatii-Histria-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl>\n\t\t\t<br style='clear: both' \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Histria, cetatea greceasc\u0103, a fost cel mai vechi ora\u0219 atestat de pe actualul teritoriu al Rom\u00e2niei. \u00cen prezent, ruinele sale se afl\u0103 pe teritoriul administrativ al comunei Istria, \u00een jude\u021bul Constan\u021ba, Dobrogea, Romania. Histria fost \u00eentemeiat\u0103 de coloni\u0219ti greci din Milet \u00een jurul anului 657 \u00ee.C. (dup\u0103 istoricul Eusebiu din Cezareea) sau 630 \u00ee.C. (dup\u0103 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2448,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[91,159,1119,305,18],"tags":[2529,2534,2536,2533,2525,2524,2528,2519,5374,2531,2520,2530,2516,2517,2439,2532,2527,62,2518,2523,2535,2539,2538,2537,2522,29,2521,2526,2475],"class_list":["post-2447","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cetati","category-dobrogea","category-monumente-funerare","category-obiective-turistice-romania","category-orase","tag-arheolog-francez-ernest-desjardins","tag-arheologul-alexandru-suceveanu","tag-arhitectul-g-simotta","tag-bazilica-episcopala-de-la-histria","tag-byzantion","tag-cetatea-callatis","tag-cetatea-histria","tag-cezareea","tag-dobrogea","tag-dunarea","tag-eusebiu","tag-fluviul-istros","tag-histria","tag-istria","tag-judetul-constanta","tag-lac-sinoe","tag-legenda-itpi","tag-marea-neagra","tag-milet","tag-mithridates-al-vi-lea-eupator","tag-muzeu-arheologic-de-la-histria","tag-muzeul-arheologic-histria","tag-muzeului-de-istorie-nationala-si-arheologie-din-constanta","tag-muzeului-national-de-antichitati","tag-regele-lisimah","tag-romania","tag-skymnos","tag-tomis","tag-vasile-parvan"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pe-harta.ro\/obiectiveturistice\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2447","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pe-harta.ro\/obiectiveturistice\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pe-harta.ro\/obiectiveturistice\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pe-harta.ro\/obiectiveturistice\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pe-harta.ro\/obiectiveturistice\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2447"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/pe-harta.ro\/obiectiveturistice\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2447\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pe-harta.ro\/obiectiveturistice\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2448"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pe-harta.ro\/obiectiveturistice\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2447"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pe-harta.ro\/obiectiveturistice\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2447"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pe-harta.ro\/obiectiveturistice\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2447"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}